HELENA, Mont. — Legislators in Montana were expected to vote on Wednesday on whether to censure or discipline the state’s only transgender lawmaker, after an escalating standoff over her ability to speak in the House of Representatives led to heated protests and arrests on Monday and the abrupt cancellation of Tuesday’s session.
The move is the culmination of a weeklong battle between House leadership and Representative Zooey Zephyr, who was barred from participating in deliberations on the House floor after she made impassioned comments during debate over a bill that would prohibit hormone treatments and surgical care for transgender minors. The bill has since been sent to Gov. Greg Gianforte, who has indicated that he will sign it.
It was one of a half-dozen similar bills targeting transgender youth that the Legislature had considered in the last week alone. And it comes amid an avalanche of similar legislation in Republican-controlled legislatures across the country.
Republican legislators have characterized transition care as harmful and experimental, arguing that young people should not be allowed to begin transitioning before they become adults.
But major medical organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics, support this care and say that bans pose serious mental health risks to young people, infringing not only on their rights but also on the rights of doctors and parents.
The furor over Ms. Zephyr began during an April 18 session, when the House was considering the ban on transitional care, Ms. Zephyr said that if Republicans passed such a ban, it would put “blood on your hands,” and that denying care would be “tantamount to torture.”
House Republicans have been threatening disciplinary action since that session. The Montana Freedom Caucus, a group of 21 conservative lawmakers, threatened to censure Ms. Zephyr, accusing her of “attempting to shame the Montana legislative body” by using “hateful rhetoric.”
The caucus once again called for action against Ms. Zephyr on Monday and accused her of encouraging an “insurrection.”
Instead of issuing a formal reprimand, lawmakers have refused to call on Ms. Zephyr for any bill for consideration before the House, including environmental and economic measures, as well as transgender issues.
On Tuesday, Republican leaders canceled a planned session of the House, a day after protests led to arrests in the chamber. In a hasty news conference, Speaker Matt Regier blamed Representative Zephyr for the conflict, saying that “the only person who is silencing Representative Zephyr is Representative Zephyr.”
Legislators started Wednesday’s session with a final reading of bills before turning to the status of Ms. Zephyr, who was expected to speak from the House floor for the first time in a week. The gallery is closed to the public, but the session will be broadcast online.
In a statement late Tuesday, Ms. Zephyr said she would “do as I have always done — rise on behalf of my constituents, in defense of my community, & for democracy itself.”
Montana politics, once a competitive mix of Democrats and Republicans, has become much more conservative in recent years. Governor Gianforte, a Republican, is a fundamentalist Christian and a wealthy former software executive.
Republicans hold a supermajority in both the State House and Senate, and one conservative family from Flathead Valley in particular, the Regiers, wields great influence over both chambers. The father, Keith Regier, is the chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Keith’s daughter, Amy, is chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. And his son, Matt, is the speaker of the House who has repeatedly refused to recognize Ms. Zephyr’s requests to speak on the floor.
The number of transgender and nonbinary people elected to public office nationally increased to at least 70 this year, from 25 in 2019, according to the LGBTQ+ Victory Fund, which supports those candidates. Of those officials, there are 14 sitting state legislators who are transgender or nonbinary, said Elliot Imse, the executive director of the LGBTQ+ Victory Institute, which is affiliated with the fund.
If the Montana House votes to censure Ms. Zephyr, he said, two of those 14 will have been formally censured. (The other is Representative Mauree Turner of Oklahoma, a nonbinary lawmaker who was censured last month after inviting a protester into their office; leaders of the state House said the lawmaker had harbored a fugitive wanted for questioning.)
Mr. Imse noted it was unusual for state legislatures to censure lawmakers. “That one in seven of our trans and nonbinary state legislators have been targeted is pure politics,” he said.
Over the past few years, Republican state lawmakers have introduced a wave of bills to regulate the lives of transgender youths by restricting the bathrooms they can use, the sports teams they can join and medical care they can receive.
These efforts have been particularly aggressive since start of the 2023 legislative season. This year, 11 states have passed laws prohibiting what’s known as gender-affirming care for young people. Before this year, just three state legislatures had enacted full or partial bans.
On Tuesday, Doug Burgum, the Republican governor of North Dakota, signed a bill limiting transgender people’s use of certain restrooms, locker rooms and other facilities that align with their gender identity.
And in Missouri, an unusually restrictive rule that would limit transgender care for adults, as well as for adolescents, could go into effect as soon as Thursday unless it is blocked by a judge.
