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Thousands of Americans, Europeans and Africans were fleeing Sudan on Tuesday after the warring generals promised to observe a new three-day truce brokered in an attempt to curtail the violence tearing Sudan apart – and to permit safe evacuations.
Gunfire echoed across the capital of Khartoum despite the cease-fire negotiated by the United States and Saudi Arabia, the latest of several declared but mostly ignored since the fighting broke out April 15. Still, hundreds of diplomats, aid workers and other foreigners have fled the country by air and land.
U.S. diplomats have been evacuated and the Biden administration said it was aiding the exit of private U.S. citizens. Authorities have estimated that up to 16,000 U.S. citizens remained in Sudan, although most are Sudanese-Americans the administration says don’t want to leave.
Britain said Tuesday that it was flying U.K. nationals out of Sudan from an airfield outside Khartoum, and the priority was for families with children, the sick and the elderly. Officials estimate there are as many as 4,000 British citizens in Sudan, 2,000 of whom have registered for evacuation. France, Germany and Spain were among other nations announcing rescue flights.
More than 420 people have been killed and over 3,700 wounded in less than two weeks. The fighting comes less than three years after a rickety peace deal was supposed to end a war that began 20 years ago today when the Sudan Liberation Movement attacked Sudanese military forces in Sudan’s western Darfur region. Hundreds of thousands of people have been killed, and millions more displaced.
“In recent days, civilians have again been killed due to heavy weapons being used in densely populated areas,” said Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty International’s Regional Director for East and Southern Africa. “Civilians in Sudan are caught in unending cycles of indiscriminate armed attacks, as well as other serious crimes and abuses.”
CEASE-FIRE IN SUDAN: US, Saudi Arabia broker 3-day respite: Live updates
Developments:
►The U.N. Population Fund has said the fighting threatens tens of thousands of pregnant women, including 24,000 women expected to give birth in the coming weeks.
►Fighting continued Tuesday in Omdurman, across the Nile River from Khartoum. Omdurman resident Amin Ishaq said there were clashes around the state TV headquarters and around military bases just outside Omdurman.
►United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres warned of a “catastrophic conflagration” that could engulf the whole region. He urged the U.N. Security Council to pressure both sides to “pull Sudan back from the edge of the abyss.”
Sudan marks 20 years since start of Darfur conflict
More than 20 people have been killed and over 3,400 wounded in less than two weeks. The fighting comes less than three years after a fragile peace deal was supposed to end a war that began 20 years ago today when the Sudan Liberation Movement attacked Sudanese military forces in Sudan’s western Darfur region. Hundreds of thousands of people have been killed, and millions more displaced.
A pro-democracy uprising led to the 2019 ouster of former leader Omar al-Bashir. In 2021, military generals joined forces to seize power in a coup.
Amnesty International says “longstanding impunity” has allowed suspected war criminals in Darfur to remain in leadership positions, contributing to the current violence in Sudan. One-third of the population of 46 million relied on humanitarian assistance, most of which has been suspended due to the escalating conflict.
“The Darfur conflict caused human suffering on a horrendous scale,” Chagutah said. “The ongoing lack of justice and accountability only ensures that suffering continues.”
Who are the combatants?
Sudan has been run by a council of generals since 2021. The council has been led by Gen. Abdel Fattah Burhan, the country’s defacto president, and Gen. Mohammed Hamdan Dagalo, who leads the rival Rapid Support Forces. They have clashed over the proposed move toward civilian rule. Burhan says he will only hand over power to an elected, civilian government. Dagalo accuses Burhan’s government of being “radical Islamists” and claims to be fighting for the democratic process. But his forces, which fought for the Sudanese government in Darfur, were accused of numerous atrocities against civilians.
Africans from neighboring countries flee
Since the beginning of the fighting, at least 20,000 refugees have fled across the border into Chad. A Kenyan Air Force plane carrying the first few dozen evacuees from Sudan landed at the airport in Nairobi on Monday night. Buses rushed hundreds of Egyptian evacuees across is border with Sudan. Last week, Egypt’s military evacuated 177 soldiers, and the foreign ministry said hundreds of Egyptians have fled Sudan by land. Over 10,000 Egyptians are thought to live in Sudan.
While foreigners flee, Sudanese trapped amid fighting
Mona Othman, a Sudanese national, told Africa News, said Khartoum is “unstable” amid heaving shelling.
“There is no water, no electricity,” she said. “Jets are over us all the time, over the capital. We never expected something like this at all even in dreams, especially in Khartoum. This is something I can’t describe, it is so difficult.”
Violence heats up after 20 years of war
The violence between the Sudan Armed Forces and the Rapid Support Forces now spreading throughout Sudan has raged in Sudan’s western region of Darfur for 20 years. Amnesty International says the country’s authorities have “consistently failed to provide security, justice and accountability for war crimes and other violations” since the conflict began.
Contributing: The Associated Press
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